Well, I finally managed to fix the problem. For whatever reason, the keyboard layout database got corrupted, and there is no straightforward way to fix it (e.g. by reinstalling a package). So instead I dumped the following directory: /etc/X11/xkb and replaced it with the same directory from a clean Ubuntu installation. That did the trick.
I was lucky that I had a fresh install lying around on another computer, but what a pain in the neck.
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One response to “Ubuntu: Problem with international Keyboard Layouts”
thank you I had a similar problem
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is supposed to be ubuntu keyboard problem
the only fix i found so far was to change the keyboard type in prefs (everytime i start gnome) your solution may cure it.